When it comes to the ACT English section, punctuation is more than just dots and squiggles – it’s the backbone of clear communication! Here’s a breakdown of the key punctuation rules and tips to help you ace this part of the test.

1. Commas: The Pause Button

Commas are used to:

• Separate items in a list.
• Connect two independent clauses with a conjunction (e.g., and, but, for).
• Set off introductory elements and non-essential information.

Example:

• Correct: “She bought apples, oranges, and bananas.”
• Incorrect: “She bought apples oranges and bananas.”

2. Semicolons: The Middle Ground

Semicolons are the heavy hitters, used to:

• Link two closely related independent clauses without a conjunction.
• Separate complex list items that contain commas.

Example:

• Correct: “I have a big test tomorrow; I can’t go out tonight.”
• Incorrect: “I have a big test tomorrow, I can’t go out tonight.”

3. Colons: The Introduction

Colons introduce lists, explanations, or quotes:

• Place a colon after an independent clause when introducing a list.
• Use a colon to separate two clauses when the second explains the first.

Example:

• Correct: “She has two favorite hobbies: reading and painting.”
• Incorrect: “She has two favorite hobbies, reading and painting.”

4. Apostrophes: The Possessive and Contractive

Apostrophes indicate possession or create contractions:

• For possession: “The dog’s leash was lost.”
• For contractions: “It’s raining outside” (it is).

Example:

• Correct: “James’s book was interesting.”
• Incorrect: “James’ book was interesting.”

5. Dashes and Hyphens: Clarification and Connection

Dashes add emphasis or set off information:

• En dash (–) for ranges: “Read pages 10–20.”
• Em dash (—) for emphasis: “The result—unexpectedly—was positive.”

Hyphens connect compound words:

• Example: “A well-known author”

Final Tips

• Read Aloud: When in doubt, read the sentence aloud. Punctuation often mimics natural pauses and intonations in speech.
• Know the Rules: Brush up on grammar rules specific to ACT English.
• Practice, Practice, Practice: Familiarize yourself with punctuation through practice tests and quizzes. Our tutors are here to help. Reach out to us to get started.